More than 30 political parties and organisations joined the demonstration, which began at Parnell Square before moving through the city centre towards Leinster House, where protesters gathered for a rally.
A significant Garda operation was put in place as the march made its way through the capital, with rolling road closures introduced to allow the demonstration to proceed.
Those taking part voiced their opposition to Trump's visit and criticised the Irish Government for the welcome given to the US president.
Sinn Féin said its representatives and activists would participate in the protest, arguing that demonstrations were justified in response to what it described as ongoing breaches of international law.
The Social Democrats also criticised the visit, with foreign affairs spokesperson Patricia Stephenson describing it as little more than a golf trip for the US president.
Labour, the Green Party and People Before Profit have also expressed opposition to Trump's visit.
The demonstration comes during one of the largest security operations ever mounted in the State for a visiting political figure.
Trump arrived in Dublin earlier on Saturday and was due to attend a series of engagements in the capital before travelling to Co Clare.
Significant restrictions were introduced around parts of Dublin during the president's movements. While Dublin Airport continued to operate normally, passengers were advised to allow additional time for their journeys because of the security measures and associated traffic restrictions.
The protest movement has not been confined to Dublin. Demonstrations are also taking place in Doonbeg, where Trump is due to stay while attending the Irish Open at his golf resort.
The US president's visit has therefore brought a heavy Garda presence to both the capital and west Clare, with authorities preparing for protests while maintaining security around Trump's movements.
As the Dublin demonstration continued, the focus of the presidential visit shifted westwards, with Trump travelling towards Doonbeg and another major security operation already in place around the golf tournament.
